Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients With Heart Failure With Mid-Range Ejection Fraction
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abstract
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Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is common in patients with heart failure
(HF). The role of PH in patients with HF with reduced (HFrEF) and
preserved (HFpEF) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) has been
extensively characterized during the last years. In contrast, the
pathophysiology of HF with mid-range LVEF (HFmrEF), and in
particular the role of PH in this context, are largely unknown.
There is a paucity of data in this field, and the prevalence of PH,
the underlying mechanisms, and the optimal therapy are not
well-defined. Although often studied together there is increasing
evidence that despite similarities with both HFrEF and HFpEF, HFmrEF
also differs from both entities. The present review provides a
summary of the current concepts of the mechanisms and clinical
impact of PH in patients with HFmrEF, a proposal for the
non-invasive and invasive diagnostic approach required to define the
pathophysiology of PH and its management, and a discussion of future
directions based on insights from mechanistic studies and randomized
trials. We also provide an outlook regarding gaps in evidence,
future clinical challenges, and research opportunities.
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citation
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Maeder M T, Weber L, Buser M, Brenner R, Jörg L, Rickli H.
Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients With Heart Failure With Mid-Range
Ejection Fraction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:694240.
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type
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journal paper/review (English)
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date of publishing
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09-07-2021
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journal title
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Front Cardiovasc Med (8)
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ISSN print
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2297-055X
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pages
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694240
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PubMed
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34307506
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DOI
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10.3389/fcvm.2021.694240
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