Physical equilibrium of the normal wrist and its relation to clinically defined "instability"
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abstract
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The rotational stability of the proximal carpal row was tested on
six unembalmed human cadaver hand specimens. The physiological load
conditions were stimulated by loading the wrist flexor and extensor
tendons. Pure torque was introduced to the lunate, scaphoid and
triquetrum, one at a time, by means of a dynamometer wrench, forcing
the bones loaded to perform a flexion-extension motion. A truly
stable state of equilibrium could be found in the normal wrist only
under axial load. A uni-directional coupling was observed through
the scapho-lunate ligament as a counteraction to a tendency for the
lunate to extend and the scaphoid to flex. The triquetrum and lunate
moved together, showing close coupling in both directions. As
conclusion: a stable wrist can be defined as one which, while being
loaded within a physiological range of stress, does not deviate from
a stable state of equilibrium (the ability to return to a single
position when disturbed) at any point within the whole physiological
range of motion.
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citation
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Zdravkovic V, Jacob H A, Sennwald G R. Physical equilibrium of the
normal wrist and its relation to clinically defined "instability". J
Hand Surg Br 1995; 20:159-64.
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type
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journal paper/review (English)
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date of publishing
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4-1995
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journal title
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J Hand Surg Br (20/2)
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ISSN print
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0266-7681
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pages
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159-64
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PubMed
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7797963
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